Monday, 25 August 2025

 

πŸ“– Tom Sawyer – Chapter 8 (Adapted for English Learners)

Title: In the Graveyard at Midnight

That night, Tom Sawyer could not stop thinking about what Huck Finn had told him. Huck believed a dead cat could cure warts. The idea seemed foolish, but Tom loved strange adventures, and he agreed to meet Huck at the graveyard at midnight.

The night was dark and silent. A full moon shone through the clouds, lighting the old gravestones with a pale glow. Tom arrived first, carrying a small lantern hidden under his jacket. A few minutes later, Huck appeared, barefoot and carrying the dead cat tied to a string.

“Got your cat?” Tom whispered.
“Sure,” said Huck. “This is going to work—you’ll see.”

The two boys crouched behind tall gravestones. The graveyard was a frightening place at night, with shadows that looked like ghosts and the hoot of owls in the trees. Huck explained the superstition again: if you took a dead cat to a graveyard at midnight and said the right words, the cat would cure warts by taking them away to the devil.

Tom shivered with excitement and fear. “Let’s try it.”

But before they could begin, the boys heard voices. They froze. The sound of footsteps crunched on the gravel path. Tom blew out the lantern quickly, and the boys hid behind a large gravestone.

Three men entered the graveyard. One was Muff Potter, a kind but foolish man, always half-drunk. The second was Injun Joe, a dark and dangerous figure known in town for his bad temper. The third was Doctor Robinson, a young man from the village.

The men carried shovels and a lantern. They stopped at a new grave and began to dig. Tom and Huck stared in horror as the men lifted out the coffin and opened it. Doctor Robinson ordered Muff and Injun Joe to lift the body.

“Why should we do the hard work?” complained Injun Joe. “You think you’re better than us!”

“Be quiet and do as I say,” the doctor replied sharply.

Muff Potter laughed nervously, but Injun Joe grew angrier. “Five years ago, your father whipped me out of town like a dog. Tonight I’ll have my revenge!”

Before Muff could react, Injun Joe grabbed Muff’s knife. With a quick, terrible movement, he struck Doctor Robinson. The doctor fell to the ground, dead.

Tom and Huck nearly screamed, but fear kept them silent. Their hearts pounded as they watched the horror unfold.

Muff Potter, confused and drunk, stared at the dead man. Injun Joe quickly placed the bloody knife into Muff’s hand. “You did this, Muff. You killed him in anger.”

“I… I don’t remember,” stammered Muff. His head swam with drink.

Tom and Huck knew the truth—but they were too terrified to move. They crept backward, then ran as fast as their legs could carry them out of the graveyard. They did not stop until they reached the safety of Tom’s backyard. Both boys were pale, shaking with fear.

“We saw a murder, Huck!” Tom gasped.
“We can’t ever tell anyone,” Huck replied. “If Injun Joe finds out, he’ll kill us too.”

The boys swore an oath, right then and there, never to speak of what they had seen. They sealed the oath by pricking their fingers and mixing the blood—a solemn promise between them.

But deep inside, both knew they would never forget that terrible night in the graveyard.


πŸ“˜ Glossary

WordMeaning
GravestoneA stone marking a grave
SuperstitionA belief not based on science, often about magic or luck
CoffinA box used for burying a dead body
RevengePunishment or harm against someone who hurt you
StammeredSpoke with pauses or repeating sounds because of fear or nerves
OathA very serious promise
PaleLight-colored face, often from fear or illness
TerrifiedExtremely afraid

❓ Comprehension Questions

  1. Why did Tom and Huck go to the graveyard at midnight?

  2. What did Huck say a dead cat could do?

  3. Who were the three men that entered the graveyard?

  4. What happened between Injun Joe and Doctor Robinson?

  5. How did Injun Joe make Muff Potter look guilty?

  6. What oath did Tom and Huck swear?

  7. How did the boys feel after the incident?


✅ Answers

  1. To test the superstition that a dead cat could cure warts.

  2. He said it could cure warts by taking them away to the devil.

  3. Muff Potter, Injun Joe, and Doctor Robinson.

  4. Injun Joe attacked and killed Doctor Robinson.

  5. He placed the bloody knife into Muff Potter’s hand.

  6. They swore never to tell anyone what they had seen.

  7. They were terrified, pale, and shaken, but they knew they would never forget.

Friday, 15 August 2025

 

IELTS Topic: Linking Words for Contrast – 10 Useful Phrases

  1. However
    e.g., The plan was well organised; however, it failed to meet the deadline.

  2. Although
    e.g., Although it was raining, we decided to go hiking.

  3. Even though
    e.g., Even though he was tired, he finished his homework.

  4. Despite
    e.g., Despite the heavy traffic, we arrived on time.

  5. In spite of
    e.g., In spite of her fear of heights, she went bungee jumping.

  6. Whereas
    e.g., I prefer tea, whereas my sister likes coffee.

  7. While
    e.g., While the hotel was expensive, it offered excellent service.

  8. On the other hand
    e.g., City life is exciting; on the other hand, it can be stressful.

  9. Nevertheless
    e.g., The task was difficult; nevertheless, they managed to complete it.

  10. Even so
    e.g., The weather was cold; even so, we enjoyed our picnic.


Why These Words Are Important in IELTS

  • They help you compare and contrast ideas, which is vital for Writing Task 2 and Speaking Part 3.

  • They show the examiner that you can use complex sentence structures and connect ideas logically.

  • They improve your Coherence & Cohesion score by linking opposing points smoothly.

Without them, your answers might sound one-sided or incomplete.


IELTS Speaking Practice – Linking Words for Contrast

Part 1: Introduction & Interview

  1. Do you prefer summer or winter? (Give a contrasting point)

  2. Do you like living in the city or the countryside? (Give both sides)

  3. Do you prefer reading books or watching films? (Contrast your opinions)

  4. Do you like travelling alone or with friends? (Give pros and cons)

  5. Do you prefer mornings or evenings? (Contrast your habits)


Part 2: Cue Card

Describe a situation where you had to choose between two options.
You should say:

  • what the options were

  • what you chose

  • why you chose it
    and give contrasting points using at least three linking words for contrast.


Sample Answers Using the Phrases

Part 1

  1. I prefer summer for the sunshine; however, winter is better for skiing.

  2. City life is convenient; on the other hand, the countryside is more peaceful.

  3. I enjoy reading; although films are more visual, books let me imagine more.

  4. Travelling with friends is fun; despite this, solo trips give me more freedom.

  5. I like mornings for productivity; whereas evenings are better for relaxing.


Part 2 Sample Answer
Last year, I had to choose between taking a job abroad or staying in my home country. Although working overseas sounded exciting, I worried about being far from family. On the other hand, the salary abroad was much higher. Nevertheless, I decided to stay, as I valued my current lifestyle and friendships.


Comprehension Test: Linking Words for Contrast

1. "The plan was well organised; however, it failed to meet the deadline."
Q: What happened despite good organisation?

2. "Although it was raining, we decided to go hiking."
Q: What activity did they do despite the weather?

3. "Even though he was tired, he finished his homework."
Q: What did he do despite being tired?

4. "Despite the heavy traffic, we arrived on time."
Q: What happened despite traffic?

5. "In spite of her fear of heights, she went bungee jumping."
Q: What did she do despite being afraid?

6. "I prefer tea, whereas my sister likes coffee."
Q: Who likes coffee?

7. "While the hotel was expensive, it offered excellent service."
Q: What was good about the expensive hotel?

8. "City life is exciting; on the other hand, it can be stressful."
Q: What is the negative side of city life?

9. "The task was difficult; nevertheless, they managed to complete it."
Q: What happened despite difficulty?

10. "The weather was cold; even so, we enjoyed our picnic."
Q: What did they enjoy despite the cold?


Answer Key

  1. It failed to meet the deadline.

  2. Went hiking.

  3. Finished homework.

  4. Arrived on time.

  5. Went bungee jumping.

  6. The sister.

  7. Excellent service.

  8. It can be stressful.

  9. They completed it.

  10. The picnic.

Thursday, 14 August 2025

 

Tom Sawyer – Chapter 7: Love and Mischief

It was the next morning, and Tom arrived at school feeling excited. He couldn’t stop thinking about Becky Thatcher, the pretty new girl in town. He was determined to impress her.

As soon as the teacher looked away, Tom whispered to Becky and invited her to look at his prized possession—a brass doorknob he had found. Becky smiled politely, but she didn’t seem very interested in the doorknob.

Tom then began to draw pictures for her on his slate. He drew a house, a tree, and a cow. Becky giggled. Encouraged, Tom whispered, “Want me to teach you how to draw?” She nodded, and they leaned close together over the slate.

While they worked, Tom told her about his adventures. He explained how he could charm warts away, find treasure, and even tell where ghosts walked at night. Becky was fascinated.

Then Tom whispered, “Becky, we should be engaged.” Becky looked puzzled. “What’s that?” she asked. Tom explained, “It means you’re mine forever, and we’re going to get married. You have to promise and then kiss me.” Becky laughed nervously but agreed. They kissed quickly, and Tom said proudly, “Now you’re my fiancΓ©e.”

But Tom couldn’t stop there. He started talking about his “old fiancΓ©e,” Amy Lawrence. As soon as Becky heard that, her face fell. “You were engaged before?” she cried. “I didn’t think you loved anyone else!” She turned away from him, hurt and angry.

Tom tried to explain, but Becky wouldn’t listen. She ignored him for the rest of the morning. At lunchtime, she sat with other girls and refused to even look at him.

Feeling miserable, Tom decided to get revenge—by having fun without her. He joined his friends and played noisy games, pretending he didn’t care.

Becky, watching from a distance, decided to make Tom jealous. She waited for the perfect moment and then went over to Alfred Temple, the new boy in school. She smiled sweetly at him and began to talk. Alfred was flattered, and soon he was showing off his fancy new spelling book.

When Tom saw them together, he was furious. He turned away and tried to look busy, but inside he was burning with jealousy.

Later, Becky sneaked into the empty schoolroom to make another move in her plan. She knew the teacher’s most precious possession was a big book of pictures. The rule was clear: no student was allowed to touch it. Becky opened it carefully and began turning the pages.

Then she came to a picture of a man and woman standing very close together. It was a little shocking for a young lady to see. She gasped and shut the book quickly—but not before the corner of the page tore.

Becky panicked. If the teacher found out, she would be in big trouble. She tried to smooth the page, but the rip was clear. Just then, she heard footsteps. Tom walked in.

At first, she turned away, expecting him to tease her. But when the teacher returned and began questioning the class about the damaged book, Tom suddenly stood up. “I did it,” he said. The teacher scolded him harshly and gave him a punishment.

Becky was surprised and touched. Tom had taken the blame for her. When school ended, she ran after him. “Tom,” she said softly, “I’m sorry for being mad. You’re the best.” She smiled, and Tom felt his heart swell. They were friends again.


Glossary

  • Slate – a small flat board used for writing with chalk

  • Possession – something you own

  • Engaged – promised to marry someone

  • FiancΓ©e – a woman engaged to be married

  • Flattered – pleased because someone shows interest or admiration

  • Jealous – feeling angry or upset because someone is getting attention you want

  • Precious – very valuable or important

  • Tore – past tense of tear; to damage by pulling apart


Comprehension Questions

  1. What did Tom first show Becky to impress her?

  2. What did Tom suggest they should be?

  3. Why did Becky get angry with Tom?

  4. How did Becky try to make Tom jealous?

  5. What rule did Becky break in the schoolroom?

  6. Who took the blame for tearing the book?

  7. How did Becky feel when Tom defended her?


Answers

  1. A brass doorknob

  2. He suggested they should be engaged

  3. She found out Tom had been engaged to Amy Lawrence before

  4. She talked sweetly to Alfred Temple and looked at his spelling book

  5. She opened and looked through the teacher’s special picture book

  6. Tom Sawyer

  7. She felt touched and forgave him.

  ✦ IELTS Topic: Linking Words for Purpose – 10 Useful Phrases In order to e.g., I study every day in order to improve my English. So ...