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🎯 IELTS Writing Task 2 Question

Some people believe that economic growth is more important than protecting the environment. Others argue that environmental sustainability should be prioritised even if it limits economic development.
Discuss both views and give your own opinion.

📝 Sample Essay (Band 8–9, 285 words)

In recent decades, the conflict between economic development and environmental sustainability has become a global concern. While some argue that rapid growth is essential to improve living standards, others believe protecting the planet should come first. Both perspectives will be examined before presenting my own view.

On the one hand, economic growth plays a vital role in raising the quality of life. Developing countries, in particular, rely on industries, infrastructure, and trade to create jobs and reduce poverty. For example, China’s rapid economic expansion has lifted millions out of poverty. Proponents of this view argue that without strong economies, governments would lack the resources to invest in healthcare, education, or even green technology. From this perspective, growth is seen as a necessary foundation for long-term sustainability.

On the other hand, prioritising sustainability is increasingly urgent due to climate change, deforestation, and pollution. Economic progress that ignores the environment often leads to irreversible damage, which can undermine future prosperity. For instance, rising sea levels caused by industrial emissions threaten coastal cities, potentially costing billions in the long run. Advocates of this position believe that renewable energy, recycling, and sustainable farming practices should replace unsustainable industrial expansion. They argue that short-term sacrifices in economic output are justified to secure long-term survival.

In my opinion, a balanced approach is needed. Economic development is crucial, but it should not come at the expense of environmental destruction. Governments should adopt green policies that allow growth and sustainability to progress together, such as investing in clean energy and eco-friendly technologies.

In conclusion, while economic growth supports social progress, sustainability ensures the survival of future generations. A successful society must integrate both goals rather than treating them as opposites.

🔑 Useful Vocabulary

Irreversible damage
Climate change, deforestation, emissions, pollution
Renewable energy / recycling / sustainable farming
Long-term prosperity
Green policies
Eco-friendly technologies
Short-term sacrifices
Future generations

🔗 Linking Words

Contrast: while, whereas, on the other hand, although
Addition: moreover, in addition, furthermore
Cause/Effect: therefore, as a result, consequently, thus
Examples: for example, for instance, such as
Conclusion: in conclusion, overall, to sum up

✍️ Guidelines for Writing This Essay

1. Plan (5 minutes)

Identify both views:
- Growth first: jobs, poverty reduction, resources for green innovation.
- Sustainability first: prevents irreversible damage, protects future generations.
Opinion: A balanced approach is best.
Outline:
- Intro: paraphrase + outline
- BP1: Economic growth arguments
- BP2: Environmental sustainability arguments
- BP3: Opinion (balance)
- Conclusion: Summarise and restate opinion

2. Structure

Introduction: Paraphrase the question + preview both sides + state opinion.
Body Paragraph 1: Growth is essential (with example).
Body Paragraph 2: Sustainability is vital (with example).
Body Paragraph 3: Balance is the solution (your opinion).
Conclusion: Restate key points and opinion.

3. Topic Sentences

BP1: “Supporters of economic growth argue that it is the most effective way to improve living standards.”
BP2: “In contrast, many believe that sustainability must take priority to avoid long-term damage.”
BP3: “In my opinion, economic development and sustainability should advance together through environmentally friendly policies.”

4. Tips for Learners

Always show balance before giving your opinion.
Use examples from real countries (China, renewable energy in Europe, etc.).
Keep formal tone — avoid casual phrases.
Don’t just list problems: explain causes, effects, and solutions.
Make your conclusion short and focused, no new arguments.